Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 6 Articles
Background and Aims. Several studies have shown the benefits of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB)\nusing a Franseen needle for histological assessment. However, studies focusing on pancreatic diseases are limited and the safety of\nthis method has not been well assessed.We aimed to assess the current status and issues of EUS-FNB in the diagnosis of pancreatic\ndiseases. Materials and Methods.We retrospectively reviewed 87 consecutive EUS-FNB specimens using either a 22-gauge Franseen\nneedle (Group A, N = 51) or a conventional 22-gauge fine-needle aspiration needle (Group B, N = 36) for pancreatic diseases, and\nthe diagnostic accuracy and safety were compared. Final diagnoses were obtained based on surgical pathology or a minimum sixmonth\nclinical follow-up. Results. Although the diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was 96.1% in Group A versus 88.9% in Group\nB, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.19), the median sample area was significantly larger in Group A (4.07 versus\n1.31mm^2, P < 0.0001). There were no differences between the two needles in the locations fromwhich the specimens were obtained.\nAdverse events occurred in one case (2%) in Group A (mild pancreatitis) and none in Group B with no statistical significance (P\n= 0.586). Although there was no case of bleeding defined as adverse events, 2 cases in Group A showed active bleeding during\nthe procedure with increase in the echo-free space, which required CT scanning to rule out extravasation. Eventually, the bleeding\nstopped spontaneously. Conclusions. Given its guaranteed ability to obtain core specimens and comparable safety, and although the\nrisk of bleeding should be kept in mind, EUS-FNB using a Franseen needle is likely to become a standard procedure for obtaining\npancreatic tissue in the near future....
The mTOR pathway is in the process of establishing itself as a key access-point of novel\noncological drugs and targeted therapies. This is also reflected by the growing number of mTOR\npathway genes included in commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS) oncology\npanels. This review summarizes the portfolio of medium sized diagnostic, as well as research\ndestined NGS panels and their coverage of the mTOR pathway, including 16 DNA-based panels\nand the current gene list of Foundation One as a major reference entity. In addition, we give an\noverview of interesting, mTOR-associated somatic mutations that are not yet incorporated.\nEspecially eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs), a group of mTOR downstream proteins,\nare on the rise as far as diagnostics and drug targeting in precision medicine are concerned. This\nreview aims to raise awareness for the true coverage of NGS panels, which should be valuable in\nselecting the ideal platform for diagnostics and research....
Emerging evidences have demonstrated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used for cancer treatment. The aim of this\nstudy was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of AuNPs on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells (BCPAP\nand TPC-1). Characterizations of AuNPs were detected by UV-Vis spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and\ndynamic light scattering (DLS). Cell proliferation and apoptosis, migration, and invasion of PTC cells were evaluated by MTT,\nflow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot assays were\nperformed to assess the protein expressions related to apoptosis and migration including caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2,\nMMP-2, and MMP-9. The study revealed that AuNPs significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion and\nremarkably induced apoptosis of BCPAP and TPC-1 cells compared with the control group. Moreover, AuNPs negatively\nregulated the expression of CCT3 and silencing of CCT3 obviously promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion\ninhibition and apoptosis induction of PTC cells combined with AuNPs. Collectively, these results highlighted the potential\napplication of AuNPs in PTC target therapy....
In the diagnosis of prostatic diseases, the need for markers other\nthan prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been increasing in recent years.\nSo, we aimed to determine the predictive value, the neutrophil lymphocyte\nratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume before prostate\nbiopsy in predicting the results of pathology. Transrectal ultrasound-guided\nbiopsy of the prostate was performed because of high PSA values and compared\nvalues of these parameters to predict of pathology results. Methods:\n2715 patients who underwent 10 - 12 quadrant transrectal ultrasound-guided\nprostate biopsies between January 2008 and January 2018 have been evaluated\nretrospectively. Patients were divided into groups according to the biopsy\npathology results by benign (group 1), atypical small acinar proliferation\n(ASAP) (group 2) and prostate cancer (group 3). A total of 204 patients who\nwere benign prostate hyperplasia in 71 patients (34.8%), atypical small acinar\nproliferation in 80 (39.21%) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) in 53 patients\n(25.98%) were included in the study by systematic sampling. Before the\nbiopsy total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), rate of percentage of free to total\nprostate specific antigen (f/tPSA) rate, PSA density (PSA-D), white blood cell\n(WBC) count, blood neutrophil count (NC), blood lymphocyte count (LC),\nneutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet\ncount (PLT) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured and\ncompared in all groups. Differences in continuous variables were assessed\nusing the ANOVA. Logistic regression was used to analyze the linear relationship\nbetween predictive variables and pathology results. P < 0.05 was\nconsidered statistically significant. Results: NLR and PLR values were lower\nin group 1 than group 2 and were found statistically significant between in\ngroup 1 and group 2 (p: 0.03 and p: 0.02, respectively). MPV value was found\n1.7 times higher in patients who were diagnosed with ASAP pathology than\nthose with benign pathologies. Although there was statistically significant increase\nin MPV values in logistic regression results, no statistically significant\ndiagnostic value was found. In addition MPV value was found 0.5 times\nhigher in patients who were diagnosed patients with ASAP than prostate\ncancer group. ROC analysis showed that the optimal threshold was 7.65 femtoliter\n(sensitivity: 51%; specificity: 30%) and was found to be a statistically\nsignificant diagnostic value to distinguish groups 2 and 3. The lowest value of\nMPV was found in group 3. Conclusions: In cases where the PSA value is\ninsufficient in predicting the pathology result, the effect of NLR, PLR and\nMPV on differential diagnosis can be kept in mind. While NLR and PLR are\nmore useful in the diagnosis of ASAP, MPV is more effective in the diagnosis\nof malignancy....
Death of infants from diarrhoea is a common occurrence in sub-Saharan\nAfrica. This is attributed to unhygienic practices which aid the proliferation\nof diarrhoea-causing microorganisms. Among these microorganisms, Campylobacter\nspecies have been reported as one of the causal agents, Campylobacter\nspp. are human intestinal pathogens of global importance and their\npathogenicity mechanisms are not well understood. This study was designed\nto investigate the molecular characterisation of Campylobacter gotten\nfrom cultural methods in Osun State. Campylobacters isolated were\nbiochemically characterized and biotyped. Confirmation of Campylobacter\nwas done using flaA gene, hippuricase O for Campylobacter jejuni and aspartokinase\ngene for Campylobacter coli and single locus sequencing glnA\ngene were performed by PCR. Twenty five samples were amplified by PCR\nout of 57 Campylobacter strains that were positive for cultural methods\nfrom 815 stool samples with diarrhoea and 100 stool samples without diarrhoea.\nNo Campylobacter was isolated from stools of children in the control\ngroup. Twenty-five isolates comprising of 18 Campylobater jejuni and 7 C.\ncoli were identified. The nucleotide sequence of the gln A for all the isolated\nCampylobacter spp. showed 91.0% similarity with the ones in the GenBank.\nThe C. jejuni was classified into biotypes I (44.4%) and II (55.6%) and all C.\ncoli were of biotype I....
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers with a poor prognosis. Several\ncommonly investigated immunohistochemical markers in resected HCC have potential prognostic value, but the prognostic utility\nof p53 expression in HCC has remained elusive. Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of p53 and p53 phosphorylation at serine\n15 (p53 Ser15-P) in patients with HCC. Methods. Surgically resected tumors from 199 HCC patients were analyzed for p21, p53,\np53 Ser15-P, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression using immunohistochemistry. Results. Stratifying by the\nexpression of p53 Ser15-P (P = 0.016), but not by p53 (P = 0.301), revealed significantly different survival outcomes in patients\nwithHCC.Moreover, our analysis demonstrated that patients who were PCNA-positive and p53 Ser15-Pâ??negative had significantly\nworse survival outcomes (P = 0.001) than patients who were PCNA-positive and p53 Ser15-Pâ??positive. Conclusions. P53 Ser15-P is\nassociated with poor outcomes in patients with HCC, and this prognostic marker is useful for predicting the survival of patients\nwith PCNA-positive HCC....
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